Gripen NG (Katsuhiko TOKUNAGA | Copyright Gripen International)
Компания Saab решила разыграть свой последний козырь на главной арене противостояния производителей военной авиационной техники — Индии и Бразилии. Недавняя публикация запроса на информацию по палубным истребителям для ВМС Индии дала шведской компании возможность представить военно-морской вариант истребителя четвертого поколения JAS-39 — Sea Gripen.
О проекте написал в своей декабрьской статье аналитик Jane’s Defence Weekly Роберт Хьюсон (Robert Hewson) по материалам эксклюзивного интервью Питера Нильссона (Peter Nilsson), возглавляющего проект Sea Gripen. И этот самолет, оказывается, существует не только на бумаге! В результате работы конструкторов Gripen NG был серьезно усовершенствован.
Разработки палубных самолетов Gripen относятся ещё к 1980-м гг., а предварительные исследования по проекту были призваны вызвать интерес со стороны Бразилии и Индии. Сегодня у Gripen Demo уже есть защита от соленой воды и двигатель, приспособленный для эксплуатации с палубы (GE F414), а посадочный крюк присутствовал уже в версии, предложенной Норвегии. По словам Нильссона, в оригинальной конструкции Gripen был заложен потенциал базирования на авианосцах, поскольку предполагалось, что он должен иметь возможность точной посадки на короткой ВПП. Под это рассчитывались и аэродинамика, и системы управления, и взлетно-посадочные характеристики.
Действительно, программа NG выиграет от нового шасси, усиленной конструкции, более мощного и экономичного двигателя, усовершенствованных систем управления. Все это будет способствовать увеличению дальности полета, повышению скорости и огневой мощи. Фактически, Sea Gripen сможет базироваться на любых авианосцах — как с катапультой, так и без нее. Максимальный взлетный вес у него будет 16 500 кг, максимальный посадочный вес 11 500 кг, боевой радиус от 1 250 до 1 400 км, ожидаемый ресурс 8 000 часов полета.
Несмотря на огромные технические и финансовые риски, SAAB уверен в Sea Gripen. Бразильские власти еще не обнародовали запрос на информацию, но самолет может заинтересовать Индию, ВМС которой надеется получить 2 авианосца, а конфигурации их катапульт пока не определена. В этой неоднозначной ситуации главными преимуществами Sea Gripen по сравнению с конкурентами являются его относительно низкий вес и мощный двигатель, которые делают его пригодным для взлета как с палуб с катапультой, так и без нее.
Однако главной угрозой Sea Gripen в Индии будет национальный проект истребителя для ВМС Naval LCA (с одним двигателем) … хотя последний, кажется, прогрессирует не очень-то быстро. Между прочим, SAAB в настоящее время предлагает сотрудничество в разработке вариантов Gripen NG отличных от серийного продукта и это предложение касается и также и Sea Gripen. Это предложение адресовано государствам, нуждающимся в новых перспективных технологиях. Недостаток — некоторая неопределенность в планировании производства и издержек. Это может оказать повлиять на решение Индии, где 2 новых авианосца (IAC-2/3) должны быть готовы до конца десятилетия, примерно в 2015-2016 гг.
Несмотря ни на что, для Sea Gripen наиболее значимым является неготовность Gripen NG. Другими словами, Gripen NG может в конечном счете уступить сцену Sea Gripen. Согласно Хьюсону, помимо Бразилии и Индии, Sea Gripen может заинтересовать любой небольшой флот, имеющий на вооружении легкие авианосцы и который бы захотел повысить их боевую мощь по сходной цене.
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